DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
AT A GLANCE:
2006 Discretionary Budget Authority (gross): $34.2 billion
(Increase from 2005: 7 percent)
Major Programs:
• Border and Transportation Security
• Coast Guard
• Emergency Preparedness and Response
• Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection
• United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
• United States Secret Service
• Science and Technology
MEETING PRESIDENTIAL GOALS
Protecting America
• Protecting and enforcing our borders, including expansion of the America’s Shield program and
the continuation of the Arizona Border Control Initiative.
• Supporting port security activities, including Coast Guard port security programs and Customs
and Border Protection container security programs.
• Creating a new Screening Coordination and Operations Office to enhance security screening of
people, cargo, and conveyances.
• Concentrating Federal funds for State and local homeland security assistance programs on the
highest threats, vulnerabilities, and needs.
• Improving the Nation’s ability to detect and rapidly characterize a potential bioterrorist attack
by collecting and analyzing disease surveillance data from people, animals, and plants.
• Improving detection of, and countermeasures for, the threat posed by nuclear and radiological
weapons.
• Enhancing detection of, and countermeasures for, the threat posed by chemical agents.
• Strengthening aviation security by upgrading explosives detection technology, deploying new
baggage-screening systems, and improving the monitoring of performance by airport screeners
and screening systems.
151
152 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
MEETING PRESIDENTIAL GOALS—Continued
Supporting a Compassionate Society
• Supporting response and recovery to major disasters and emergencies.
• Achieving a six-month processing standard for immigration applications by the end of 2006.
Agency-specific Goals
• Providing continued support for the United States Secret Service’s protection and investigation
programs.
• Supporting all Coast Guard missions including security of ports, waterways and coastlines, drug
and migrant interdiction, and fisheries enforcement.
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2006 153
PROTECTING AMERICA
Securing the Nation’s Border, Ports, and Transportation Systems
The President’s 2006 Budget will continue to ensure the security of the Nation’s borders, ports,
and transportation systems with enhanced screening of goods and people through programs such as
the new Screening Coordination and Operations Office; increases to the United States Visitor and
Immigrant Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT) system; additional radiological and nuclear inspection
equipment; and expansion of the Container Security Initiative. The President’s 2006 Budget
will strengthen enforcement, border, and port security with increases to the Border Patrol; continued
execution of the Arizona Border Control Initiative (ABCi); improvements to the Coast Guard; and
new, threat-focused State and local assistance grants.
The Border Patrol uses horses in difficult terrain to secure the Nation’s
border.
Improving Enforcement, Border, and Port Security.
The primary mission of the Border Patrol
is to detect and apprehend illegal aliens and
smugglers of aliens at or near our land border.
The Border Patrol is specifically responsible for
patrolling the 6,000 miles of Mexican and Canadian
international land borders and 2,000 miles
of coastal waters surrounding the Florida Peninsula
and the island of Puerto Rico.
Funding for the Border Patrol in 2006
includes $37 million for 210 additional Border
Patrol agents, and $20 million for the acquisition
and replacement of aging Border Patrol
aircraft. Since September 11, 2001, Border
Patrol staffing has grown by nearly 1,200
agents (11-percent increase). The President’s Budget also enhances the America’s Shield Initiative,
an integration of many surveillance, video, and detection systems along the border.
Arizona Border Control Initiative
In April 2004, DHS announced a joint initiative
between Immigration and Customs Enforcement
and Customs and Border Protection.
The Arizona Border Control Initiative strives to
deter illegal crossing, disrupt smuggling organizations
that transport illegal aliens into the
United States, and reduce the overall number
of deaths of migrants crossing the desert into
Arizona from Mexico. The President’s Budget
includes $50 million for enhanced personnel,
technology, and aviation assets.
154 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
PROTECTING AMERICA—Continued
Detaining and removing illegal aliens is critical to effective enforcement of our immigration laws.
The 2006 Budget continues the Administration’s commitment to enforcing our Nation’s immigration
laws and increases funding by $176 million for the detention and removal of illegal aliens. It provides
$90 million for increased detention beds and additional detention and removal officers. It also
provides $39 million for the detention and repatriation costs of the ABCi, which aims to deter illegal
crossings of the desert. The Budget also includes $8 million to apprehend alien fugitives and $5.4
million to ensure that aliens convicted of crimes in the United States are deported directly from correctional
institutions after their time is served, preventing their release into the community. The
Budget also includes $3.5 million for additional Department of Homeland Security (DHS) attorneys
to prosecute immigration cases.
Alternatives to conventional detention methods are essential to improving performance. In the
case of non-criminal aliens, particularly asylum seekers, officials are using alternative custody
arrangements to ensure their appearance at immigration proceedings. These pilot programs have
been successful and the Budget requests $5.4 million in additional funding to expand them. This
will allow DHS to focus resources on the most serious alien criminals.
Coast Guard security escorts the Liquified Natural Gas Tanker
MATTHEW in Boston Harbor.
The Budget includes $6.9 billion for the
Coast Guard, an 11.4-percent increase over the
comparable 2005 level. Within these levels,
$1.9 billion is for the Coast Guard’s Port,
Waterways, and Coastal Security mission.
This will fund a variety of high-priority Coast
Guard initiatives like armed, high-speed boats
in ports with liquefied natural gas terminals,
further implementation of the Automatic Identification
System to track sea-going vessels
and enhance Maritime Domain Awareness,
new weapons systems for the Coast Guard’s
helicopter fleet, and implementation of the
Common Operating Picture to enable Coast
Guard assets to work better together.
Ports and other transportation facilities where people and cargo enter the United States will be
a major priority for the $600 million Targeted Infrastructure Protection grant program, which will
enhance State, local, and private efforts to secure our Nation’s critical infrastructure.
Effective Screening of Goods and People. Following enhancements since September 11, 2001, and
the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission, on August 27, 2004, the President issued guidance
that directed DHS, in coordination with other departments and agencies, to enhance terrorist-related
screening of people, cargo, and conveyances, and implement a coordinated and comprehensive approach
to terrorist-related screening in immigration, law enforcement, intelligence, counterintelligence,
border and transportation systems, and critical infrastructure. This Budgetmeets these goals,
and reinforces actions already accomplished to augment our existing screening programs.
A new DHS organizational structure that consolidates existing programs will substantially improve
internal coordination, operations, and efficiency of screening roles and missions. This new
Screening Coordination and Operations Office will manage DHS major screening programs, including:
the United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology Program (US-VISIT),
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2006 155
A Customs and Border Protection officer processes a traveler
through US-VISIT.
which will screen international travelers arriving
at our ports of entry; and the Secure Flight
program, which will conduct automated screening
of all domestic commercial aviation passengers.
In addition, the management structure of at least
nine other existing programs will be combined,
including the Free and Secure Trade and the
Transportation Worker Identification Card
programs. This office will also strive to better
coordinate the screening processes and activities
operated by other Federal agencies by leading
ongoing interagency review and communications
on screening policy and practices.
US-VISIT is central to the Federal Government’s
screening of international visitors. US-VISIT expedites
the clearance of legal and safe travelers, while
focusing on blocking those intending to do harm. In
2004 and 2005 the first phases of US-VISIT were
successfully deployed. The 2006 Budget includes a $50 million increase for accelerated deployment
of US-VISIT at land border ports of entry and for enhanced access for border personnel to immigration,
criminal, and terrorist information. Under the President’s proposal, the Administration will
commit over $1.4 billion to support this initiative through 2006.
In order to secure our borders while remaining open to trade and travel, DHS must use technology
to establish layered, risk-based security programs. In tandem with supporting efforts to ensure
effective screening, the President’s Budget provides $125 million in new funding for improved radiological
and nuclear screening equipment at our borders. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
will continue to deploy these screening systems to cover all ports of entry. CBP will also work with
the Science and Technology Directorate at DHS to initiate a pilot program to deploy next-generation
radiation detectors.
Another example of this layered, risk-based security approach is seen in the Container Security
Initiative (CSI), which pre-screens cargo before it reaches our shores. Phase I of CSI implemented
the program at the top 20 foreign ports, which ship approximately two-thirds of the containers to
the United States. Phase II expanded the program to additional ports based on volume, location,
and strategic concerns. This Budget continues support for both Phase I and Phase II, as well as
Phase III—capacity building at several higher-risk ports of entry. The Budget provides $5.4 million
in additional funding for CSI over the 2005 level.
Also essential to cargo security are partnerships with some of the biggest American importers as
part of the Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT). To date, over 4,500 importers,
1,700 carriers, and 1,300 brokers and freight forwarders are participating in C-TPAT. The $8.2 million
in additional funding over the 2005 level for C-TPAT will be used for supply chain specialists
and increased supply chain security validations.
Aviation screening operations continue to be a high priority of the Administration. The Budget
proposes more than $4.5 billion for aviation screening operations, an increase of approximately $0.4
billion from the 2005 level. Funding will ensure sufficient resources for 45,000 Federal screeners and
10,000 screening devices nationwide. The Administration expects innovative and secure contract
screening operations to expand between this year and 2006, beyond the five airports currently using
contract screeners.
156 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
PROTECTING AMERICA—Continued
A truck passes through a radiation portal monitor at the port
of Newark, New Jersey.
The Budget includes funding to significantly upgrade
detection of explosives at our Nation’s airport checkpoints,
a recommendation of the 9/11 Commission. In
total over 2005 and 2006, the Administration proposes
to invest more than $100 million in new technology
to strengthen explosives screening. The Budget also
provides a $26 million increase for the Federal Air Marshals
to protect our Nation’s airplanes and passengers.
Restructuring of State and Local Assistance
Grants
Over the last four years, DHS agencies have provided
$11.3 billion to State and local governments to prevent,
prepare for, and respond to acts of terrorism. An
additional $3.2 billion in grants and other assistance
provided by other Federal agencies has also gone
to State and local responders. Yet, nearly half of these funds have been allocated according to
congressionally-mandated formulas that bear little relation to need and risk. Recognizing this, the
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 included a call for the Congress to pass
legislation reforming the system for distributing State and local terrorism preparedness grants.
The Budget proposes to restructure $2.6 billion in grants for States, urban areas, and infrastructure
protection, so that DHS will target grants to fill critical gaps in State and local terrorism prevention
and preparedness capabilities, taking into consideration their threats and vulnerabilities. Major
grant initiatives within the 2006 Budget include:
• Faster, better-allocated State Homeland Security grants would provide $1 billion for discretionary
grants to States and territories. Funds would be awarded tomeet national preparedness
goals and priorities identified in State homeland security plans. This approach replaces the current
State funding formula, which does not target funds for high-risk States or specific needs.
• The Urban Area Security Initiative would provide $1 billion in discretionary grants to urban
areas and regions. Funds would be linked to national preparedness goals and specific gaps identified
in regional homeland security plans. As in the past, DHS will define eligibility criteria to
encourage coordinated planning and avoid duplication. The requested funding level assumes
that no more then 50 regions will receive funding, with each required to coordinate their grant
applications with surrounding States.
• The Targeted Infrastructure Protection program would provide $600 million in integrated
grants, enabling DHS to supplement State, local, and private infrastructure protection
efforts, especially for deployment of nuclear and chemical detection capabilities and security
investments at ports and other transit facilities. Rather than providing arbitrary amounts
for particular sectors, priorities and projects would be determined based on relative risk,
vulnerability, and need.
• The Assistance to Firefighters Grants program would provide $500 million in competitive grants
to fire departments and emergency medical providers. These funds would pay for vehicles,
equipment, and training that these responders need to better protect the public, especially from
potential terrorist attacks and other mass casualty events. The Administration will continue
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2006 157
its efforts to remove bureaucratic obstacles to the participation of large fire departments in this
program.
Fostering Communications Between First Responders
In the event of a national emergency, it is crucial that first responders, State and local governments,
and the Federal Government are able to communicate with each other. The 2006 Budget
recognizes the importance of this goal and includes initiatives to strengthen such communications
capabilities. The Administration is dedicated to ensuring that adequate radio frequency spectrum
exists for public safety. It also has supported a number of steps to expand public safety access to
spectrum, including proposing an analog spectrum fee on broadcasters to encourage faster return of
analog television spectrum, so that a portion of it may be allocated for public safety use.
First responders practice extricating a victim during a weapons of
mass destruction training exercise at the DHS Center for Domestic
Preparedness in Anniston, Alabama.
The Science and Technology Directorate has
established a new Office of Interoperability and
Compatibility (OIC), which includes the Safe
Communications program that was created
to coordinate public safety communications to
achieve national wireless interoperability. This
office is charged with creating standards, in
partnership with the public safety community,
for communications, equipment, and training, to
enable first responders from different jurisdictions
to share information.
During 2004, OIC helped first responders in 10
urban areas to communicate with each other in the
event of a large emergency incident, including a terrorist
attack. In 2004 alone, over $830 million was
allocated to State, regional and local interoperability efforts through State and local grant programs.
During 2005 and 2006, these efforts will be expanded to other cities participating in the Urban Area
Security Initiative. Interoperability will continue to be a major focus of State and local homeland
security grants in the 2006 Budget.
Citizen Involvement
Citizen Corps, a component of the USA Freedom Corps, brings together local leaders, citizen volunteers,
and a network of first-responder organizations in local preparation and response efforts.
Federal funding has led to the establishment of more than 1,400 local Citizen Corps Councils across
the United States. The 2006 Budget request includes $50 million in grants to State Citizen Corps
activities.
Protecting Critical Infrastructure
The Department’s Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection (IAIP) Directorate
is charged with coordinating the Federal Government’s efforts to protect the Nation’s critical
infrastructure, including: commercial assets (e.g., stock exchanges), Government facilities, dams,
nuclear power plants, national monuments and icons, chemical plants, bridges, and tunnels. DHS,
other Federal agencies, and State and local governments use a risk-management approach to reduce
the vulnerability of critical infrastructure and protect them against terrorist threats. The 2006
Budget includes $530 million for IAIP’s infrastructure protection activities.
158 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
PROTECTING AMERICA—Continued
The Homeland Security Operations Center operates 24 hours a day to
help deter, detect, and prevent terrorist acts.
Since its establishment in 2003, IAIP
activities include identifying, assessing, and
securing critical infrastructures. IAIP has developed
a national inventory of infrastructures
that could be terrorist targets. This database
is used by IAIP to determine which sites pose
public health or economic risks if attacked. As
most critical infrastructures are not Federally
owned or operated, IAIP must work with
State homeland security advisors, owners
and operators of critical infrastructure, public
safety personnel, and other Federal agencies.
These relationships serve to reinforce Federal,
State, and local protection strategies. For
example, IAIP works closely with local law
enforcement to protect infrastructures through
the use of “buffer zone protection plans”. These
plans are implemented at key sites to expand the zone of protection around facilities. IAIP has
helped develop buffer zone protection plans and security plans for chemical sites, dams, nuclear
power plants, and water facilities.
Cyber security is another key element of infrastructure protection. The consequences of a cyber
attack could cascade across multiple infrastructures and imperil public safety. The 2006 Budget proposes
$73 million to enhance ongoing programs for IAIP’s National Cyber Security Division (NCSD).
NCSD serves as a national focal point for the public and private sectors to address cyber security
issues. As such, NCSD established the U.S. Computer Emergency Response Team (US-CERT), a
partnership among NCSD and its public and private partners to coordinate cyber security, increase
public awareness of cyber threats, and improve computer security preparedness and response to cyber
attacks. US-CERT also supports watch and warning capability, which helps track incidents and
trend data, ranks associated severity, and generates real-time alerts.
Monitoring activities and access to current information at nuclear power plants, chemical manufacturers,
and other sites is essential in the coordination of infrastructure protection. IAIP operates
the Homeland Security Operations Center (HSOC) to monitor current threats against key sites.
It is the national-level hub for information sharing, situational awareness, and domestic incident
management. Federal, State, local, tribal, and private sector organizations are connected to the
HSOC. The 2006 Budget continues to support the HSOC by improving monitoring and communications
capabilities.
Information Sharing. In meeting its mandate to disseminate information to help prevent terrorist
attacks, IAIP communicates timely and valuable threat-related information to State and local officials,
Federal agencies, and the private sector as is appropriate. Recipients of IAIP’s analysis use
this information to respond to specific threats. In the past year, all 50 States and major urban areas
have been connected to the Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN). In 2006, county-level
governments will begin to be connected to HSIN. HSIN is the main information sharing portal for
DHS.
IAIP is also involved in the efforts to improve information sharing within the intelligence community.
DHS continues to be a partner with other intelligence agencies, such as the recently-established
National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC). IAIP analysts staff the NCTC 24 hours a day. Working
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2006 159
as partners, this type of collaboration ensures the analysis done between IAIP or the NCTC complements
each other in the best interest of the Nation’s security.
Increased information sharing has also resulted in an improved capability to detect and rapidly
characterize a potential bioterrorist attack. For example, the Department has established the National
Bio-Surveillance Integration System (NBIS) within IAIP. NBIS will collect and analyze disease
surveillance information from people, animals, plants, food, and the environment. This information
will be monitored continuously, in the context of intelligence information, to rapidly identify and characterize
suspicious patterns of illness, and to support response activities by providing improved “situational
awareness.” The surveillance information to support this activity will come from expanded
and enhanced systems across the Federal Government and international sources.
Emergency Preparedness
An effective response to a major terrorist incident or natural disaster depends on adequate preparation.
The Federal response to the hurricanes of 2004 demonstrated the value of proactive and
aggressive response measures. The Budget continues to build on these capabilities and supports
critical preparedness, response, and recovery efforts at all levels of Government.
In 2004, the Federal Government developed the National Response Plan (NRP), a comprehensive
approach to domestic management of emergencies. DHS also led the development of a National Incident
Management System (NIMS). Released in July 2004, NIMS establishes a standard framework
for Federal, State, tribal, and local governments to respond to incidents and emergencies. The Budget
provides $15 million to support the implementation of NIMS through the DHS NIMS Integration
Center.
The Budget provides an additional $20 million to augment our response capabilities for the most
catastrophic terrorist attacks. DHS will continue an initiative to plan and build emergency response
capability, working closely with State and local venues aswell as other Federal agencies. Additionally,
the Budget includes $10 million for DHS to continue to develop and maintain mobile medical treatment
facilities that could be deployed to a community after a large-scale event that would otherwise
overwhelm a community’s medical system.
Science and Technology
New technologies to detect and counter terrorist threats are critical to preventing and minimizing
the damage from terrorist attacks. The 2006 Budget includes several major initiatives to achieve
this important goal.
Unifying Federal Nuclear Detection Efforts. A new Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) is
being created that will develop and deploy a comprehensive domestic system to detect and report
any attempt to import, assemble, or transport a nuclear explosive device, fissile material, or radiological
material intended for illicit use. The DNDO will be responsible for interagency coordination
of a comprehensive national nuclear detection architecture. One major DNDO responsibility will be
oversight of all transformational research and development for detection, identification, and reporting
of radiological and nuclear materials.
Nuclear and Chemical Detection Architecture Transformational Research and Development. Under
the 2006 Budget, the Science and Technology Directorate will devote $262 million for advanced detection
devices to minimize the likelihood of a radiological or nuclear device entering into the United
States, more than double the amount spent in 2005. This research is part of a broader effort to focus
the Nation’s resources toward countering the threat of nuclear or radiological materials being used
against the American people. This research and development (R&D) program will be integrated
160 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
PROTECTING AMERICA—Continued
with our overseas non-proliferation efforts to create a seamless strategy for preventing terrorists
from acquiring radiological and nuclear devices and detecting one on our shores. This program will
also be integrated with U.S. Customs and Border Protection, which will work with the Science and
Technology Directorate on a pilot program to deploy next-generation radiation detectors to ensure
that these materials do not cross the borders into the United States. The Budget also doubles the
amount of spending on chemical agent R&D to $107 million, including $36 million in new spending
on non-traditional chemical agent threats.
BioWatch Program for Environmental Monitoring and Detection. The 2006 Budget will enhance
and expand the BioWatch environmental monitoring program, which samples and analyzes air in
over 30 metropolitan areas to check for dangerous biological agents. The program is designed to
provide early warning of a large-scale biological weapon attack, thereby allowing the distribution of
life-saving preventive treatment.
Countering the Threat of Shoulder-fired Missiles Against Commercial Aircraft. The Science and
Technology Directorate will continue to research the viability of technical countermeasures for commercial
aircraft against the threat of shoulder-firedmissiles. The Directorate will invest $110 million
to test these systems on air-cargo Civilian Reserve Aircraft Fleet planes for safety and reliability.
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2006 161
SUPPORTING A COMPASSIONATE SOCIETY
Response and Recovery
Orlando, Florida, September 12, 2004—Cots and hospital beds are set
up in the Orange County Convention Center.
In 2004, DHS responded to 65 major disaster
declarations and seven emergencies. Within
six weeks during the months of August and
September, four large hurricanes made landfall
in the Southeast. The Federal Government’s
support during and after these storms was
among the largest response and recovery
undertakings ever. The Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) coordinated this
massive response effort, which included the
delivery of over 10 million gallons of water,
163 pounds of ice, 14 million Meals Ready to
Eat, and 14,000 mobile homes or trailers to
displaced families. Additionally, FEMA medical
teams treated nearly 10,000 people.
The 2006 Budget provides $3.3 billion for disaster relief—a level of funding consistent with the
average annual disaster costs over the past five years, not including large and rare events, such as
the attacks of September 11, 2001. This includes more than $2 billion in new resources and funds
available from prior years.
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
The Administration is committed to making sure America continues to welcome the contributions
of immigrants. Within DHS, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) continues
to improve systems to provide immigrants information and services in a timely, accurate,
consistent, courteous and professional manner, while also guaranteeing national security.
Backlog Reduction. The 2006 Budget continues funding for the President’s multi-year $540 million
initiative enabling USCIS to reduce the backlog of applications, and ensure a six-month processing
standard for all applications by the end of 2006. In 2004, USCIS has continued the focus on quality
improvements and expanded national security checks, such as performing background name checks
on all applications before approval. Although the checks have initiallymeant longer processing times,
enhanced security will ensure that only eligible applicants are given the right to enter the United
States. In addition, USCIS began implementing significant information technology improvements
including electronic filing (e-filing) for certain immigration applications.
Over the coming year, the Department will focus on transforming the application process with
a greater focus on customers. DHS will establish clear performance milestones, actively monitor
progress towards these milestones, and ensure integrity by establishing comprehensive quality
assurance measures.
162 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
SUPPORTING A COMPASSIONATE SOCIETY—Continued
Temporary Worker Program. The Administration is committed to achieving significant immigration
reform. Such reform would better control security at our borders, match willing foreign workers
withU.S. employers who can not findU.S. workers to fill certain jobs, provide incentives for temporary
workers to return to their home countries and families, and protect the rights of legal immigrants
while not rewarding illegal immigrants. The 2006 Budget proposes to more than double the funding
dedicated to worksite investigations performed by Immigration and Customs Enforcement relative
to 2004. The 2006 Budget provides an additional $18 million above the 2005 level.
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2006 163
MAKING GOVERNMENT MORE EFFECTIVE
Coast Guard Polar Icebreaking
The Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) assessment of the Coast Guard Polar Icebreaking
Program yielded an outcome of Results Not Demonstrated, due to a combination of poor alignment
of the program with the user community and inadequate performance measures. By contrast, the
National Science Foundation’s Polar Tools, Facilities, and Logistics program received an Effective
PART score.
The Budget proposes to transfer funding for the Polar Icebreaking Program to the National Science
Foundation to better align resources with those who benefit from the program. While the Coast
Guard will continue to operate the polar icebreaking fleet on a reimbursable basis, the National Science
Foundation will ultimately be responsible for the long-range planning required to refurbish or
replace the ships, as necessary, which are nearing the end of their serviceable lives.
Improving Management of Aviation Security
The Department will also work to expand airport contract screening opportunities at those airports
wishing to opt out of Federal screening operations. Preliminary analysis of five contract screening
airports in place after the September 11th attacks found there was no detrimental effect on security
by having contract screeners, and that many functions could be undertaken more efficiently and effectively
through contractor-led operations. Given the importance of effective screening operations
on airlines, airports, and passengers, finding the best way to undertake airport screening is our highest
aviation security priority. The Department will be working to ensure its contracting program is
an attractive, beneficial screening system option for airports while maintaining or improving security
outcomes. Ultimately, efficient and effective screening operations can only be achieved through
a strong partnership with local airports. The contracting program will provide options for strengthening
this partnership.
Aviation security is a shared responsibility of the Federal Government, airports, airlines, and the
traveling public. Airport screening, one element of aviation security, benefits passengers and air
carriers by protecting them from threats. These costs should be borne by the beneficiaries of these
services. In 2004, aviation security fees covered less than half the cost of core Federal airport screening
operations. The Budget proposes to increase passenger fees by $3.00 starting in 2006, raising the
fee on a typical one-leg ticket from $2.50 one way to $5.50. For passengers traveling multiple legs
on a one-way trip, that fee would rise from the current maximum of $5.00 to $8.00. Total security
fees will rise from an estimated $2.6 billion this year, to $4.1 billion in 2006, allowing near full cost
recovery of spending on Federal aviation screening operations.
Reforming Human Capital
In creating DHS, the Homeland Security Act provided an historic opportunity to design a modern
human resources management system that is mission-centered, fair, effective, and flexible. DHS
launched an ambitious, collaborative effort in 2003 that may be used as a model for future Government
reform. The collaboration involved input from managerial and non-managerial employees
at all levels, employee unions, academia, and Government service reform experts. This endeavor
will culminate with the publication of final regulations establishing the system. The 2006 Budget
specifically provides resources that will be used for training supervisory personnel to administer a
164 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
MAKING GOVERNMENT MORE EFFECTIVE—Continued
performance-based pay system and to create the information technology framework for the new system.
There will be a phased rollout of the new system scheduled to begin later this year.
Update on the President’s Management Agenda
The table below provides an update on the DHS’ implementation of the President’s Management
Agenda as of December 31, 2004.
Human Capital
Competitive
Sourcing
Financial
Performance E-Government
Budget and
Performance
Integration
Status
Progress
Arrows indicate change in status since evaluation on September 30, 2004.
The Department continues implementing a human resources system that provides flexibility to rapidly react to
emerging threats, protects workers rights, and ties pay to employee performance. It also continues its efforts to
develop a department-wide approach to manage its personnel that will strengthen coordination and erase the
boundaries that used to delineate the 22 components that merged to create the Department.
DHS continues to struggle in its Electronic Government and information technology efforts and has been unable
to demonstrate consistent progress and results. While the Department has made notable improvements in IT
security, in the coming year it will increase its focus on strengthening management and implementation of
the IT and E-Gov investments of the Department.
In support of budget and performance integration, the Department is using the Program Assessment Rating Tool
results to improve program performance, developing and using efficiency measures, and utilizing performance
data to inform and justify budget decisions.
DHS met the 2004 accelerated audit deadline and initiated its three-year reform program to unify, streamline,
and integrate the Department’s legacy financial management systems.
Initiative Status Progress
Real Property Asset Management
Eliminating Improper Payments
For the Real Property Asset Management initiative, DHS has developed an Operating Entity Data Elements
Matrix. The structure of this real property database incorporates Federal Real Property Council standards for
data elements and performance metrics. The next critical step in this initiative is to draft and implement an
Asset Management Plan. With respect to improper payments, DHS is undertaking a comprehensive statistical
sampling program early this year to identify any potential problem areas along with focused assessments by
a recovery audit contractor in select major agencies such as U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
(Because this is the first quarter agency efforts in the Eliminating Improper Payments Initiative were rated,
progress scores were not given.)
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2006 165
AGENCY-SPECIFIC GOALS
United States Secret Service
The United States Secret Service is organized into two major components, one focused on protection
and the other focused on investigation. PART assessments of two protective programs found
that both are highly effective, receiving some of the highest evaluations across Government. The
Protective Intelligence program provides Secret Service law enforcement personnel with the information
needed to carry out their protective operations. The Foreign Protectees and Foreign Missions
program exercises the Service’s unique authority and capability to coordinate logistics, advanced security
surveys, intelligence analysis and dissemination, and other planning activities preceding visits
from foreign heads of state and other dignitaries. The Budget includes $1.2 billion for the Secret Service
to provide continued support for its protection and investigation programs, $28 million higher
than the 2005 enacted level.
The Secret Service ensures the safety of the President.
Federal Law Enforcement Training
Center
The Federal Law Enforcement Training
Center provides training to personnel from
more than 80 law enforcement agencies. An
additional $3 million will be used to teach
officers how to avoid collisions and reduce the
dangers associated with pursuit driving.
The Federal Law Enforcement Training
Accreditation program creates accreditation
standards for the training programs used by
law enforcement agencies. This effort will
encourage the adoption of best practices and
standards among law enforcement agencies.
Coast Guard Search and Rescue
The Coast Guard is responsible for minimizing the loss of life and property on the seas, and its
Search and Rescue (SAR) program is one of its oldest missions. Coast Guard employees spend hundreds
of hours annually training for and executing SAR missions, and Coast Guard rescue swimmers
are recognized as some of the best in the world. To help improve the Coast Guard’s SAR program, the
Budget continues implementation of the Rescue 21 system (a state-of-the-art maritime distress and
response communications system) and includes funds to start recapitalization of the Coast Guard’s
High-Frequency distress-call monitoring system.
166 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
Department of Homeland Security
(In millions of dollars)
Estimate 2004
Actual 2005 2006
Spending
Gross Discretionary Budget Authority:
Border and Transportation Security............................................................... 13,508 14,642 16,099
U.S. Coast Guard ................................................................................................. 5,668 6,321 6,947
Emergency Preparedness and Response .................................................. 2,886 3,082 3,257
Science and Technology.................................................................................... 913 1,116 1,368
Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection .................................. 834 894 873
Office of State and Local Government Coordination............................... 4,193 3,985 3,565
Other Department of Homeland Security .................................................... 1,888 1,950 2,043
Total, (gross) ............................................................................................................... 29,890 31,990 34,152
Less Fee-Funded Activities.......................................................................... 1,994 2,994 4,810
Total, Discretionary budget authority (net)....................................................... 27,896 28,996 29,342
Project Bioshield ............................................................................................. 885 2,508 —
Memorandum: Budget authority from enacted supplementals ............... 2,448 6,533 —
Total, Discretionary outlays ................................................................................... 26,931 32,771 33,600
Mandatory Outlays (gross) .................................................................................... 4,906 6,712 6,730
Less Mandatory Receipts and Flood Insurance Collections ................ 5,300 6,224 7,046
Total, Mandatory outlays (net) .............................................................................. 394 488 316
Total, Outlays (net).................................................................................................... 26,537 33,259 33,284
Credit activity
Direct Loan Disbursements:
Disaster Assistance ............................................................................................. — 25 25
Total, Direct loan disbursements ......................................................................... — 25 25
